Tenendo

Origin of the OSCP

The Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) certification was created by Offensive Security, a company founded by Mati Aharoni and other security professionals in 2007. The certification was developed to address the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical penetration testing skills in the cybersecurity industry. Offensive Security designed the OSCP to be a hands-on, performance-based certification that requires candidates to demonstrate actual hacking skills in a controlled lab environment rather than simply answering multiple-choice questions.

Industry Value and Importance

The OSCP is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it proves that holders possess real-world penetration testing abilities. Unlike traditional certifications, the OSCP's 24-hour practical exam requires candidates to successfully compromise multiple machines in a simulated network environment and document their findings professionally. This hands-on approach has made it a gold standard for entry to intermediate-level penetration testers, and it's frequently requested or required by employers hiring for offensive security roles. The certification's difficulty and practical nature have earned it significant respect among security professionals and hiring managers.

OSEP Cybersecurity Certification

The Offensive Security Experienced Penetration Tester (OSEP) certification was created by Offensive Security, the same organization behind the renowned OSCP certification. Launched in 2020, the OSEP was developed to address the growing need for advanced penetration testing skills that go beyond basic exploitation. The certification was designed to validate professionals' abilities to conduct sophisticated attacks against modern enterprises, including evading security controls, bypassing defenses, and operating in restricted environments.

The OSEP is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates hands-on expertise in advanced penetration testing techniques used in real-world scenarios. Unlike many theoretical certifications, it requires candidates to complete a challenging 48-hour practical exam where they must compromise multiple targets in a simulated corporate environment. Employers recognize OSEP holders as having proven capabilities in offensive security operations, making it particularly valuable for penetration testers, red team operators, and security consultants who need to demonstrate their ability to identify and exploit complex vulnerabilities in enterprise networks.

CRTO Certification Overview

Origin

The Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) certification was created by Zero-Point Security, a cybersecurity training organization founded by Daniel Duggan (known as RastaMouse in the security community). Launched in 2020, the certification was developed to address a gap in practical, hands-on red team training. Zero-Point Security designed CRTO to move beyond theoretical knowledge and provide realistic adversary simulation experience, focusing on the tactics, techniques, and procedures actually used in modern red team operations.

Industry Value

The CRTO is valued in the cybersecurity industry for its practical, performance-based assessment approach that tests real-world red teaming skills rather than multiple-choice knowledge. The certification requires candidates to complete a 48-hour practical exam where they must compromise an Active Directory environment, demonstrating proficiency with tools like Cobalt Strike and command-and-control infrastructure. Employers appreciate CRTO holders because the certification validates hands-on offensive security capabilities, including lateral movement, privilege escalation, and persistence techniques that are directly applicable to red team engagements and penetration testing roles.

EMAPT Certification/Standard

Origin

The EMAPT (European Manual of Audit and Penetration Testing) standard was developed in the early 2000s by a consortium of European cybersecurity professionals and industry organizations seeking to establish consistent methodologies for security testing across the continent. Created in response to the growing need for standardized approaches to vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, EMAPT was designed to provide a comprehensive framework that testing organizations could adopt to ensure quality and consistency in their security assessments. The standard emerged from collaborative efforts among penetration testing practitioners who recognized the necessity for structured, repeatable processes in an industry that was rapidly maturing.

Industry Importance

EMAPT certification is valued in the penetration testing industry because it demonstrates an organization's commitment to following established, rigorous testing methodologies and quality assurance processes. Companies holding EMAPT certification signal to clients that their testing procedures meet recognized European standards for thoroughness, documentation, and ethical conduct. For penetration testing firms, maintaining EMAPT compliance helps differentiate their services in a competitive marketplace and provides assurance to clients—particularly those in regulated industries—that security assessments will be conducted according to proven frameworks. The certification also facilitates cross-border security testing engagements within Europe by establishing common expectations for testing scope, methodology, and reporting standards.

CISA Certification Overview

Origin and History

The Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification was created by ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) in 1978. ISACA developed this credential in response to the growing need for standardized expertise in auditing, controlling, and securing information systems. As one of the oldest IT audit and security certifications available, CISA was designed to validate the knowledge and skills of professionals responsible for assessing an organization's IT and business systems vulnerabilities and implementing appropriate controls.

Industry Value and Importance

CISA is highly valued in the industry because it demonstrates a professional's ability to assess risk, implement controls, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. The certification is globally recognized and often required or preferred for roles in IT audit, cybersecurity, risk management, and compliance positions. Many organizations, particularly financial institutions, government agencies, and publicly traded companies, specifically seek CISA-certified professionals to meet internal audit requirements and regulatory obligations. The credential's emphasis on both technical knowledge and practical application makes it particularly relevant for professionals who need to bridge the gap between IT operations and business governance.

CCSP Certification Overview

Origin

The Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) certification was created through a collaboration between (ISC)² (International Information System Security Certification Consortium) and the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA). Launched in 2015, the certification was developed in response to the rapidly growing adoption of cloud computing and the increasing need for security professionals with specialized knowledge in cloud environments. (ISC)² partnered with CSA to ensure the certification addressed real-world cloud security challenges and aligned with industry best practices.

Industry Value

The CCSP is highly valued because it validates expertise in cloud security architecture, governance, risk management, and compliance—critical skills as organizations continue migrating to cloud platforms. It demonstrates that professionals understand how to secure data, applications, and infrastructure across major cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and can implement security controls specific to cloud environments. Employers recognize CCSP holders as qualified to manage the unique security challenges of cloud computing, making it particularly valuable for security architects, engineers, and IT managers working with AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and other platforms.

CRISC Certification Overview

Origin and Creation

The Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) certification was created and launched by ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) in 2010. ISACA developed this credential in response to growing demand from organizations for professionals who could identify and manage IT risks and implement effective information systems controls. The certification was designed to fill a gap in the market for a specialized credential focused specifically on enterprise risk management within IT environments, distinguishing it from ISACA's other certifications like CISA, which focuses more on auditing.

Industry Value and Importance

The CRISC certification is highly valued because it validates a professional's expertise in four critical domains: IT risk identification, assessment, evaluation and response, and control design and implementation. Organizations prize CRISC holders for their ability to bridge the gap between technical IT operations and business risk management, helping enterprises make informed decisions about technology investments and security measures. The certification is particularly sought after in regulated industries like finance, healthcare, and government, where managing IT risk and demonstrating compliance are essential. Many employers list CRISC as a preferred or required qualification for risk management, compliance, and IT governance positions, often associated with higher salary potential.

CISM Certification: Origin

The Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) certification was created by ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) in 2003. ISACA developed CISM to address the growing need for a certification specifically focused on information security management and governance, rather than just technical security skills. The certification was designed to recognize professionals who design, manage, and oversee an enterprise's information security program, filling a gap between technical security certifications and the strategic, managerial aspects of cybersecurity.

Industry Value and Importance

CISM is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates expertise in security risk management, governance, incident management, and program development from a management perspective. Many organizations, particularly large enterprises and government agencies, specifically seek CISM-certified professionals for leadership roles in information security. The certification is globally recognized and often commands higher salaries compared to non-certified peers. Its focus on aligning security practices with business objectives makes it particularly relevant for professionals aspiring to senior security management positions, including Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) roles.