Secure D Global

CISSP Certification Overview

Origin

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) was created by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium, commonly known as (ISC)², in 1994. The certification was developed in response to the growing need for a standardized, vendor-neutral credential that could validate the expertise of information security professionals. (ISC)² designed the CISSP to establish a common body of knowledge for the cybersecurity field and provide a benchmark for measuring professional competence in information security.

Industry Value

The CISSP is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious and recognized certifications in cybersecurity, often required or preferred for senior-level security positions. Its value stems from its comprehensive coverage of eight security domains, including security operations, asset security, and security architecture, which demonstrates a candidate's broad expertise across the entire security landscape. The certification is accredited to ISO/IEC Standard 17024 and meets U.S. Department of Defense Directive 8570 requirements, making it particularly valuable for government contractors and enterprise organizations. Employers value CISSP-certified professionals because the rigorous examination process and experience requirements (minimum five years) ensure holders possess both theoretical knowledge and practical experience in managing and implementing security programs.

CISM Certification: Origin

The Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) certification was created by ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) in 2003. ISACA developed CISM to address the growing need for a certification specifically focused on information security management and governance, rather than just technical security skills. The certification was designed to recognize professionals who design, manage, and oversee an enterprise's information security program, filling a gap between technical security certifications and the strategic, managerial aspects of cybersecurity.

Industry Value and Importance

CISM is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates expertise in security risk management, governance, incident management, and program development from a management perspective. Many organizations, particularly large enterprises and government agencies, specifically seek CISM-certified professionals for leadership roles in information security. The certification is globally recognized and often commands higher salaries compared to non-certified peers. Its focus on aligning security practices with business objectives makes it particularly relevant for professionals aspiring to senior security management positions, including Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) roles.

Origin of the OSCP

The Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) certification was created by Offensive Security, a company founded by Mati Aharoni and other security professionals in 2007. The certification was developed to address the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical penetration testing skills in the cybersecurity industry. Offensive Security designed the OSCP to be a hands-on, performance-based certification that requires candidates to demonstrate actual hacking skills in a controlled lab environment rather than simply answering multiple-choice questions.

Industry Value and Importance

The OSCP is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it proves that holders possess real-world penetration testing abilities. Unlike traditional certifications, the OSCP's 24-hour practical exam requires candidates to successfully compromise multiple machines in a simulated network environment and document their findings professionally. This hands-on approach has made it a gold standard for entry to intermediate-level penetration testers, and it's frequently requested or required by employers hiring for offensive security roles. The certification's difficulty and practical nature have earned it significant respect among security professionals and hiring managers.

CRTP Certification Overview

Origin and Background

The Certified Red Team Professional (CRTP) certification was created by Pentester Academy (now part of INE Security), founded by Nikhil Mittal. Launched in the mid-2010s, the CRTP was developed to address the growing need for practical, hands-on training in Active Directory security and Windows domain exploitation. Unlike many theoretical cybersecurity certifications, CRTP was designed to provide security professionals with real-world attack simulation skills, focusing specifically on the techniques used by adversaries to compromise enterprise networks.

Industry Value and Importance

The CRTP is valued in the cybersecurity industry for its practical, lab-based approach to red team operations and Active Directory attacks. Employers recognize it as evidence that a professional can perform actual penetration testing techniques rather than simply understanding theoretical concepts. The certification is particularly respected for its focus on Windows enterprise environments, which remain the backbone of most corporate networks. For offensive security professionals, red teamers, and penetration testers, the CRTP demonstrates hands-on capability in privilege escalation, lateral movement, and domain compromise—skills that are directly applicable to real-world security assessments and are increasingly sought after as organizations prioritize proactive security testing.

Origin of CompTIA Security+

CompTIA Security+ was created by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), a non-profit trade association established in 1982. The Security+ certification was first launched in 2002 as a response to the growing need for standardized cybersecurity knowledge in the IT industry. CompTIA developed this vendor-neutral certification to establish a baseline of competency for IT security professionals, covering essential principles and best practices that apply across different technologies and platforms rather than focusing on specific products or vendors.

Industry Value and Importance

Security+ is widely recognized as one of the most valuable entry-to-intermediate level cybersecurity certifications in the industry. It meets the ISO 17024 standard and is approved by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) as one of the required certifications for information assurance positions, making it particularly valuable for government contractors and military personnel. Employers value Security+ because it validates that holders possess practical, hands-on skills in areas such as threat detection, risk management, cryptography, and network security. The certification's vendor-neutral approach means certified professionals can work with any technology platform, making them versatile assets to organizations of all sizes and across all sectors.

CompTIA PenTest+ Certification

Origin

CompTIA PenTest+ was created by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), a non-profit trade association established in 1982 that develops vendor-neutral IT certifications. The PenTest+ certification was launched in 2018 to address the growing need for standardized skills validation in offensive security and penetration testing. CompTIA developed this certification in response to the increasing demand for qualified penetration testers and the lack of intermediate-level certifications that bridge the gap between foundational security knowledge and advanced ethical hacking skills. The certification was designed with input from cybersecurity professionals and industry experts to ensure it reflected real-world penetration testing practices and methodologies.

Industry Value and Importance

PenTest+ is valued in the penetration testing and cybersecurity industry because it validates hands-on technical skills in planning, scoping, and conducting penetration tests, as well as analyzing results and producing actionable reports. Unlike purely theoretical certifications, PenTest+ emphasizes practical abilities including vulnerability assessment, exploitation techniques, and post-exploitation activities across various systems and networks. Many organizations and government agencies recognize PenTest+ as meeting compliance requirements, with the certification approved under the DoD 8570.01-M directive for certain information assurance roles. Penetration testing companies value team members with PenTest+ certification because it demonstrates a standardized baseline of competency, helps establish credibility with clients, and shows commitment to professional development in offensive security practices.

CompTIA Network+ Certification

Origin and Background

The CompTIA Network+ certification was created by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), a non-profit trade association established in 1982. Network+ was launched in 1999 as a vendor-neutral certification designed to validate foundational networking skills across all platforms and technologies. CompTIA developed this certification in response to the IT industry's need for a standardized way to assess the competency of networking professionals, particularly as internet connectivity and network infrastructure became increasingly critical to business operations.

Industry Value and Importance

Network+ is widely valued in the IT industry because it demonstrates that holders possess essential networking knowledge required for troubleshooting, configuring, and managing wired and wireless networks. The certification is vendor-neutral, meaning it covers universal networking concepts rather than proprietary technologies, making it applicable across diverse IT environments. Many organizations, including the U.S. Department of Defense, recognize Network+ as meeting baseline requirements for networking positions. It serves as a stepping stone for IT professionals pursuing careers in network administration, help desk support, and systems administration, and is often considered a prerequisite for more advanced networking certifications.

OSCE Cybersecurity Certification

The Offensive Security Certified Expert (OSCE) certification was created by Offensive Security, the same organization behind the well-known OSCP certification and Kali Linux distribution. Originally launched in 2008, the OSCE was designed to validate advanced penetration testing skills, particularly in exploit development and creative attack techniques. The certification required candidates to complete the Cracking the Perimeter (CTP) course and pass a rigorous 48-hour hands-on exam. In 2020, Offensive Security retired the original OSCE and replaced it with OSCE³ (OSCE Cubed), which requires earning three separate expert-level certifications: OSEP, OSWE, and OSED.

The OSCE certification family is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates advanced practical skills beyond basic penetration testing. Unlike multiple-choice exams, the hands-on testing format proves that holders can actually perform complex security assessments, develop custom exploits, and think creatively like real-world attackers. Employers recognize OSCE-certified professionals as possessing expert-level offensive security capabilities, making the certification particularly valuable for senior penetration testers, security researchers, and red team operators. The certification's difficulty and practical nature have established it as a respected credential that signifies true technical expertise rather than just theoretical knowledge.

OSWE Certification Overview

Origin

The Offensive Security Web Expert (OSWE) certification was created by Offensive Security, the cybersecurity training company behind Kali Linux and the renowned OSCP certification. Introduced in 2018, the OSWE was developed to address the growing need for professionals skilled in advanced web application security and source code review. The certification emerged from Offensive Security's commitment to hands-on, practical training that goes beyond surface-level vulnerability scanning to focus on understanding and exploiting complex web application logic flaws.

Industry Value

The OSWE is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates an individual's ability to perform white-box web application penetration testing and identify security vulnerabilities through source code analysis. Unlike automated scanning tools, OSWE holders can manually review code in languages like JavaScript, Python, PHP, and Java to discover subtle security flaws that typically evade detection. This certification is particularly prized by organizations with mature security programs, penetration testing firms, and companies requiring deep application security expertise, as it validates practical skills through a challenging 48-hour hands-on exam that requires candidates to exploit real vulnerabilities in live applications.

OSWP Cybersecurity Certification

Origin

The Offensive Security Wireless Professional (OSWP) certification was created by Offensive Security, the same company behind the renowned OSCP certification. Launched in 2008, the OSWP was developed to address the growing need for professionals skilled in wireless network security assessment. Offensive Security created this certification to provide hands-on, practical training in identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in 802.11 wireless networks, maintaining their philosophy of "Try Harder" and emphasizing real-world penetration testing skills over theoretical knowledge.

Industry Value

The OSWP is valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates proven practical ability in wireless network penetration testing through a hands-on exam format. Unlike multiple-choice certifications, holders must successfully crack WEP and WPA/WPA2 encryption and document their methodology in a professional penetration testing report. This certification is particularly respected because it validates actual technical competency rather than memorization, making OSWP holders attractive candidates for penetration testing roles, security consulting positions, and network security positions where wireless infrastructure assessment is critical.

ISO 27001 Lead Auditor Certification

Origin

The ISO 27001 Lead Auditor certification stems from the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, which was published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, with its roots in the British Standard BS 7799. The certification was created to train professionals to audit information security management systems (ISMS) against the ISO 27001 standard. Various accredited training organizations worldwide offer this certification, following guidelines established by bodies like IRCA (International Register of Certificated Auditors) and other national accreditation organizations.

Industry Value

The ISO 27001 Lead Auditor certification is highly valued because it demonstrates an individual's expertise in conducting comprehensive information security audits and assessing organizational compliance with internationally recognized security standards. Organizations worldwide seek certified lead auditors to perform internal audits, prepare for external certification audits, and ensure their ISMS meets regulatory and customer requirements. The certification is particularly important for consulting firms, audit organizations, and enterprises managing sensitive data, as it provides assurance that security controls are properly implemented and maintained according to global best practices.

The GPEN Certification: Origin

The GPEN (GIAC Penetration Tester) certification was created by the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC), an organization founded in 1999 as part of the SANS (SysAdmin, Audit, Network, and Security) Institute. GIAC developed the GPEN to validate the technical skills of cybersecurity professionals who perform penetration testing and ethical hacking. The certification was designed to ensure that practitioners possess both the theoretical knowledge and hands-on abilities needed to conduct proper security assessments and identify vulnerabilities in networks and systems.

Industry Value and Importance

The GPEN certification is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates practical, real-world penetration testing skills rather than just theoretical knowledge. Employers recognize GPEN-certified professionals as capable of conducting thorough security assessments, understanding attack vectors, and properly documenting findings. The certification meets DoD 8570/8140 requirements for certain Information Assurance positions, making it particularly valuable for government contractors and federal positions. Its focus on hands-on methodology and current attack techniques makes GPEN holders sought after for offensive security roles, penetration testing teams, and security consulting positions.

GWAPT Cybersecurity Certification

Origin

The GIAC Web Application Penetration Tester (GWAPT) certification was created by the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC), an organization founded in 1999 as part of the SANS Institute. GIAC developed GWAPT to address the growing need for skilled professionals who could identify and exploit vulnerabilities in web applications. The certification was designed to validate hands-on technical skills in web application security testing, reflecting the real-world challenges that security professionals face when assessing modern web-based systems.

Industry Value

GWAPT is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates practical expertise in web application penetration testing, one of the most critical areas of information security. Organizations prize this certification because holders have proven their ability to identify common and advanced vulnerabilities in web applications, which remain a primary attack vector for cybercriminals. The certification's emphasis on hands-on skills rather than just theoretical knowledge makes GWAPT holders particularly attractive to employers seeking security professionals who can immediately contribute to protecting their web-based assets and conducting thorough security assessments.

GIAC Exploit Researcher and Advanced Penetration Tester (GXPN)

The GXPN certification was created by the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC), which is part of the SANS Institute, a leading organization in cybersecurity training and certification. Introduced in 2011, the GXPN was developed to validate advanced penetration testing skills and the ability to conduct sophisticated security assessments. It was designed to address the growing need for professionals who could go beyond basic vulnerability assessments and perform complex exploit development and advanced attack simulations.

The GXPN is highly valued in the cybersecurity industry because it demonstrates expertise in advanced exploitation techniques, including reverse engineering, exploit development, and sophisticated penetration testing methodologies. This certification is particularly respected among offensive security professionals, red teams, and organizations that require rigorous security testing of their systems. Holding a GXPN credential signals to employers that a professional possesses the technical depth to identify complex vulnerabilities and can think like an advanced adversary, making it one of the more prestigious certifications for senior-level penetration testers and security researchers.

CRTO Certification Overview

Origin

The Certified Red Team Operator (CRTO) certification was created by Zero-Point Security, a cybersecurity training organization founded by Daniel Duggan (known as RastaMouse in the security community). Launched in 2020, the certification was developed to address a gap in practical, hands-on red team training. Zero-Point Security designed CRTO to move beyond theoretical knowledge and provide realistic adversary simulation experience, focusing on the tactics, techniques, and procedures actually used in modern red team operations.

Industry Value

The CRTO is valued in the cybersecurity industry for its practical, performance-based assessment approach that tests real-world red teaming skills rather than multiple-choice knowledge. The certification requires candidates to complete a 48-hour practical exam where they must compromise an Active Directory environment, demonstrating proficiency with tools like Cobalt Strike and command-and-control infrastructure. Employers appreciate CRTO holders because the certification validates hands-on offensive security capabilities, including lateral movement, privilege escalation, and persistence techniques that are directly applicable to red team engagements and penetration testing roles.

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Certification

Origin

The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification was created by the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (EC-Council) in 2003. EC-Council developed this certification in response to the growing need for standardized training in ethical hacking and penetration testing. The organization recognized that cybersecurity professionals needed formal credentials that would demonstrate their ability to think like malicious hackers in order to better defend systems and networks. The CEH was designed to establish a baseline of knowledge for security practitioners who assess system vulnerabilities using the same techniques employed by attackers.

Industry Value

The CEH certification is valued in the cybersecurity industry because it validates practical knowledge of security threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. Many organizations, including government agencies and private corporations, recognize CEH as a benchmark for hiring security analysts, penetration testers, and security consultants. The certification covers 20 domains of information security, providing holders with a comprehensive understanding of attack vectors and defensive strategies. For professionals, earning the CEH demonstrates commitment to the field and can lead to career advancement opportunities and increased earning potential in an industry facing significant talent shortages.

Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) Certification

Origin

The CHFI certification was created by the EC-Council (International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants) in 2003. EC-Council developed this certification to address the growing need for qualified professionals who could conduct computer forensic investigations and handle digital evidence in accordance with legal standards. The certification was designed to train cybersecurity professionals in detecting hacking attacks and properly extracting evidence to report the crime and prosecute cybercriminals.

Industry Value

CHFI is valued in the industry because it provides comprehensive training in digital forensics methodologies, evidence collection, and analysis techniques that meet judicial and industry standards. The certification is recognized by employers worldwide and is particularly important for professionals working in law enforcement, government agencies, and corporate security teams who need to investigate cybercrimes and present findings in legal proceedings. Many organizations require or prefer CHFI certification for roles involving incident response, digital forensics, and security operations, as it demonstrates a professional's ability to handle sensitive investigations while maintaining the integrity of digital evidence.

EC-Council Certified Security Analyst (ECSA)

The EC-Council Certified Security Analyst (ECSA) certification was created by the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (EC-Council), the same organization behind the well-known Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) credential. Launched in the mid-2000s as a progression from the CEH, ECSA was designed to bridge the gap between penetration testing knowledge and practical application. EC-Council developed this certification to provide cybersecurity professionals with advanced penetration testing skills and methodologies, emphasizing hands-on analysis and assessment techniques beyond basic ethical hacking concepts.

ECSA is valued in the industry because it demonstrates a professional's ability to conduct comprehensive security assessments using structured methodologies rather than just automated tools. The certification focuses on the analytical phase of penetration testing, teaching practitioners how to analyze vulnerabilities, assess security posture, and deliver actionable reports to organizations. Many employers and government agencies recognize ECSA as proof of advanced practical skills in security testing, making it particularly valuable for professionals seeking roles as penetration testers, security analysts, or vulnerability assessors who need to go beyond theoretical knowledge and demonstrate real-world testing capabilities.

eCPPTv2 Cybersecurity Certification

The eLearnSecurity Certified Professional Penetration Tester (eCPPT) certification was created by eLearnSecurity, an Italian cybersecurity training company founded in 2004. In 2021, eLearnSecurity was acquired by INE (International Network of Experts), which continues to offer the certification as eCPPTv2. The certification was developed to address the need for practical, hands-on penetration testing credentials that go beyond theoretical knowledge, focusing on real-world scenarios that security professionals encounter in the field.

The eCPPT is valued in the industry for its practical, performance-based examination approach that requires candidates to conduct a full penetration test against a simulated corporate network, including reporting findings in a professional manner. Unlike multiple-choice exams, it demonstrates actual technical competency in areas like network security, web application testing, and vulnerability assessment. This hands-on validation makes it particularly attractive to employers seeking candidates who can immediately apply penetration testing skills, positioning it as a mid-level certification that bridges entry-level credentials and advanced certifications like OSCP.

EMAPT Certification/Standard

Origin

The EMAPT (European Manual of Audit and Penetration Testing) standard was developed in the early 2000s by a consortium of European cybersecurity professionals and industry organizations seeking to establish consistent methodologies for security testing across the continent. Created in response to the growing need for standardized approaches to vulnerability assessment and penetration testing, EMAPT was designed to provide a comprehensive framework that testing organizations could adopt to ensure quality and consistency in their security assessments. The standard emerged from collaborative efforts among penetration testing practitioners who recognized the necessity for structured, repeatable processes in an industry that was rapidly maturing.

Industry Importance

EMAPT certification is valued in the penetration testing industry because it demonstrates an organization's commitment to following established, rigorous testing methodologies and quality assurance processes. Companies holding EMAPT certification signal to clients that their testing procedures meet recognized European standards for thoroughness, documentation, and ethical conduct. For penetration testing firms, maintaining EMAPT compliance helps differentiate their services in a competitive marketplace and provides assurance to clients—particularly those in regulated industries—that security assessments will be conducted according to proven frameworks. The certification also facilitates cross-border security testing engagements within Europe by establishing common expectations for testing scope, methodology, and reporting standards.